Tcache House of Spirit

Introduction

The “Tcache House of Spirit” is a modernized version of the House of Spirit attack. It leverages the Thread Local Cache (tcache) introduced in glibc 2.26. Like the original attack, it tricks free() into adding a fake chunk (located in non-heap memory like the stack) into a freelist.

However, the tcache implementation in glibc is optimized for speed and lacks many of the integrity checks present in the fastbin or other bins. Specifically, _int_free calls tcache_put without verifying if the “next chunk” is valid. This makes the attack simpler to execute as fewer fake metadata fields need to be crafted.

Prerequisites

• Known Target Address: The attacker needs to know the address of the memory region they want to allocate.
• Write Primitive: Ability to write a fake size field to the target memory region.
• Free Primitive: Ability to pass the pointer of the fake chunk to free().
• Alignment: The pointer passed to free() must be 16-byte aligned on 64-bit systems.

Example from tcache_house_of_spirit.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

int main()
{
	setbuf(stdout, NULL);

	malloc(1);

	unsigned long long *a;
	unsigned long long fake_chunks[10] __attribute__((aligned(0x10)));

	// Craft fake chunk size
	fake_chunks[1] = 0x40;

	// Overwrite pointer to point to fake chunk region
	a = &fake_chunks[2];

	free(a);

	void *b = malloc(0x30);

	assert((long)b == (long)&fake_chunks[2]);
}

Attack Flow Explained

1. Preparation

Unlike the fastbin version, we don’t necessarily need to fill the tcache unless it’s already full for that size. In this example, we assume the tcache is empty or has space.

2. Craft the Fake Chunk

We only need to set the size field of the fake chunk.

[` | 2 | `], ` | 2 |

| , | , [Start of user data. | | |

Simplified fake chunk layout for tcache.

The “next chunk” check that exists for fastbins is skipped by tcache.

3. Freeing the Fake Chunk

When free(a) is called, glibc checks if the chunk fits in the tcache. Since 0x40 is a tcache-sized chunk, it is placed directly into the tcache list without checking the surrounding memory.

4. Allocation

The subsequent malloc(0x30) call finds the fake chunk at the head of the tcache and returns it.

Comparison with Fastbin House of Spirit